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Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (German: ''Peter Leopold Josef Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard''; Italian: ''Pietro Leopoldo Gieuseppe Antonio Gioacchino Pio Gottardo''; English: ''Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard''; 6 May 1769 – 18 June 1824) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1790 to 1801 and, after a period of disenfranchisement, again from 1814 to 1824. He was also the Prince-elector and Grand Duke of Salzburg (1803–1806) and Grand Duke of Würzburg (1806–1814). ==Biography== Ferdinand was born in Florence, Tuscany, into the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. He was the second son of Leopold, then Grand-Duke of Tuscany, and his wife Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain. When his father was elected Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, Ferdinand succeeded him as Grand Duke of Tuscany, officially taking the office on 22 July 1790. In 1792 during the French Revolution, Ferdinand became the first monarch to formally recognize the new French First Republic, and he attempted to work peacefully with it.〔 As the French Revolutionary Wars commenced, however, the English and Russian monarchs persuaded him to join their side in the War of the First Coalition. Ferdinand provided his allies with passive support but no enthusiasm, and after he witnessed a year of resounding victories by the French, he became the first member of the coalition to give up. In a proclamation dated 1 March 1795, he abandoned the alliance and declared Tuscany's neutrality in the war. His normalization of relations with France helped stabilize his rule for several years but by 1799 he was compelled to flee to Vienna for protection when republicans established a new government in Florence. He was forced to renounce his throne in 1801 by the Treaty of Aranjuez: Napoleon brushed him aside to make way for the Kingdom of Etruria, created as compensation for the Bourbon Dukes of Parma, being dispossessed by the Peace of Lunéville in that same year.〔〔 Ferdinand was compensated by being given the Dukedom and Electorate of Salzburg, the secularized lands of the Archbishop of Salzburg, as Duke of Salzburg. He was also made a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire, both on 26 December 1802, a role which expired with the Empire's dissolution in 1806. On 25 December 1805, Ferdinand had to give up Salzburg as well, which by the Treaty of Pressburg was annexed by his older brother, Emperor Francis II. Ferdinand was then made Duke of Würzburg, a new state created for him from the old Bishopric of Würzburg, remaining an Elector. With the dissolution of the Empire in 1806 he took the new title of Grand Duke of Würzburg. On 30 May 1814, after Napoleon's fall, Ferdinand was restored as Grand Duke of Tuscany. Ferdinand died in 1824 in Florence and was succeeded by his son Leopold. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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